Cortical thickness refers to the measurement of the thickness of the brain's outer layer, the cerebral cortex. This area of research in neuroscience involves examining variations in cortical thickness across different individuals or populations, and how these variations may be related to differences in brain function, structure, and development. Researchers use advanced imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to measure cortical thickness and investigate its potential associations with cognitive abilities, neurological disorders, and psychiatric conditions. Studies in this field aim to better understand the relationship between brain structure and function, as well as potential implications for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of brain-related disorders.